Different schools use different processes to investigate a university disciplinary case, so that is one consideration. Also, at that given school, there could be different scenarios for how a case would be investigated based on the alleged offense or the nature of the offense. For example, a general disciplinary issues such as an alcohol, or drug violation, or a hazing or organizational issues such as a fraternity or sorority that finds itself in trouble can be adjudicated or investigated in one manner versus, say, how an academic misconduct case would be investigated versus, say, how a Title IX case would be investigated.
A Title IX case, for example, it varies by school. Some schools do it internally, in house. In other words, they have investigators that are Title IX investigators that work at the school. Others outsource to, say, a private law firm. It varies tremendously in terms of how investigations take place.
One of the most important considerations is having an experienced attorney advisor helping you through the process, because someone who's experienced, has been down this road before, knows what needs to be done to try to achieve a favorable outcome through the course of the investigation.