Potentially, yes. If a college or university dismissed you for unfair reasons, there is action that can be taken. A person can, if appropriate to the circumstances, pursue litigation against the school, to have the court order, to the school to readmit the student, say for a violation of federal law or state law, or say a breach of contract. There is a contract created between the student and the school when the student becomes a student and vice versa. Just as a student's expected to abide by the contract, the college or university is also, so a school could have been in breach of contract leading to that point of the unfair dismissal, say independent of that.
If there were due process concerns, steps can also be taken with the department of education to file a complaint to address the concern. There are steps that can potentially be taken. You, of course, do not want to find yourself in that position. That's why having an experienced attorney-advisor can help you try to avoid such an outcome. If you do regrettably find yourself in that position of having been dismissed, steps can be taken. Having an experienced attorney-advisor in your corner is going to be your best ally in addressing such a concern.